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In order to reduce the possibility of cavitation happening in marine propellers, a set of nozzles are placed on the hull of the ship directly in front of the propeller. These nozzles spray out compressed air over the propeller that creates "a macro bubble". [1] This bubble completely encompasses the propeller that is in operation.
The Rayleigh–Plesset equation is often applied to the study of cavitation bubbles, shown here forming behind a propeller.. In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation or Besant–Rayleigh–Plesset equation is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation which governs the dynamics of a spherical bubble in an infinite body of incompressible fluid.
Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behavior. Inertial (or transient) cavitation is the process in which a void or bubble in a liquid rapidly collapses, producing a shock wave. It occurs in nature in the strikes of mantis shrimp and pistol shrimp, as well as in the vascular tissues of plants.
Its blades are wedge-shaped to force cavitation at the leading edge and to avoid water skin friction along the whole forward face. As the cavity collapses well behind the blade, the supercavitating propeller avoids the spalling damage due to cavitation that is a problem with conventional propellers.
Supercavitation is the use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object and enable high speeds. Applications include torpedoes and propellers , but in theory, the technique could be extended to an entire underwater vessel.
In a hydraulic circuit, net positive suction head (NPSH) may refer to one of two quantities in the analysis of cavitation: The Available NPSH (NPSH A): a measure of how close the fluid at a given point is to flashing, and so to cavitation. Technically it is the absolute pressure head minus the vapour pressure of the liquid.
Cavitation modelling is a type of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) that represents the flow of fluid during cavitation. It covers a wide range of applications, such as pumps , water turbines , pump inducers , and fuel cavitation in orifices as commonly encountered in fuel injection systems.
The cavitation number (Ca) can be used to predict hydrodynamic cavitation.It has a similar structure as the Euler number, but a different meaning and use: . The cavitation number expresses the relationship between the difference of a local absolute pressure from the vapor pressure and the kinetic energy per volume, and is used to characterize the potential of the flow to cavitate.