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Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
Invasive candidiasis is an infection (candidiasis) that can be caused by various species of Candida yeast. Unlike Candida infections of the mouth and throat (oral candidiasis) or vagina (Candidal vulvovaginitis), invasive candidiasis is a serious, progressive, and potentially fatal infection that can affect the blood (), heart, brain, eyes, bones, and other parts of the body.
In human infection, C. neoformans is spread by inhalation of aerosolized basidiospores or dehydrated fungal cells, and can disseminate to the central nervous system, where it can cause meningoencephalitis. [22] In the lungs, C. neoformans cells are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages. [23]
Layers of the Alimentary Canal.The wall of the alimentary canal has four basic tissue layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system in humans consists of some 500 million neurons [11] (including the various types of Dogiel cells), [1] [12] 0.5% of the number of neurons in the brain, five times as many as the one hundred million neurons in the human spinal ...
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast [5] that is a common member of the human gut flora. It can also survive outside the human body. [6] [7] It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40–60% of healthy adults.
Candida is located on most mucosal surfaces and mainly the gastrointestinal tract, along with the skin. [3] Candida albicans is one of the most commonly isolated species and can cause infections (candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals. In winemaking, some species of Candida can potentially spoil wines. [4]
Candida auris has attracted increased clinical attention because of its multiple drug resistance. [6] [7] [4]In vitro, more than 90% of C. auris isolates are resistant to fluconazole [8] [9] and a range of 3–73% of C. auris isolates are resistant to voriconazole, [9] [10] while other triazoles (posaconazole, itraconazole, and isavuconazole) display better activity.
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.