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Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations. Members refer to each other as Friends after John 15:14 in the Bible, and originally, others referred to them as Quakers because the founder of the movement, George Fox, told a judge to quake "before the authority of God ...
Quakers in North America are diverse in their beliefs and practices. Friends there have split into various groups because of disagreements throughout the years. Conservative Friends are a small group that emphasize both the Inward Light and the Bible as sources of inspiration and guidance. They practice unprogrammed worship.
The first major division dealt with Scriptural authority, among other issues. "Orthodox Quakers" emphasized Biblical sources while "Hicksite" and his followers believed the inward light was more important than scriptural authority. The Evangelical Friends Church, International grew out of the Orthodox branch that held to the primacy of ...
It was propagated by the founder of the Quaker movement, George Fox, who "preached faith in and reliance on 'inward light' (the presence of Christ in the heart)". [1] [2] The first Quakers were known to sit in silence and meditate on the words of the Bible until they felt the inward light of God shining upon them and the Holy Spirit speaking. [3]
George Fox and other founding Quakers had established and preached the Inner Light doctrine. Fox explained that along with scriptural knowledge, many individuals achieve salvation by yielding one's self-will to the divine power of Christ and the "Christ within". This "Christ in You" concept was derived from the Bible's Colossians 1:27. Hicks ...
Amelia M. Gummere, Quaker: A Study in Costume. ISBN 0-405-08585-0. Donald Kraybill, Puzzles of Amish Life. ISBN 1-56148-001-0. Margaret C. Reynolds, Plain Women: Gender and Ritual in the Old Order River Brethren. ISBN 0-271-02138-1. Charles D. Thompson Jr., The Old German Baptist Brethren: Faith, Farming, and Change in the Virginia Blue Ridge.
James Backhouse, botanist and missionary for the Quaker church in Australia. Daniel Wheeler was a British Quaker who made missionaries efforts in Russia, the South Pacific, and North America. John Yeardley was born in Yorkshire, England. He joined the Quakers in 1806 and started preaching in 1815.
The Quaker Family in Colonial America: A Portrait of the Society of Friends (1973), emphasis on social structure and family life. Frost, J. William. "The Origins of the Quaker Crusade against Slavery: A Review of Recent Literature," Quaker History 67 (1978): 42–58. JSTOR 41946850. Hamm, Thomas. The Quakers in America.