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Another application of this theorem provides a geometrical proof of the AM–GM inequality in the case of two numbers. For the numbers p and q one constructs a half circle with diameter p + q. Now the altitude represents the geometric mean and the radius the arithmetic mean of the two numbers.
The arithmetic mean, or less precisely the average, of a list of n numbers x 1, x 2, . . . , x n is the sum of the numbers divided by n: + + +. The geometric mean is similar, except that it is only defined for a list of nonnegative real numbers, and uses multiplication and a root in place of addition and division:
Then the length of GF can be calculated to be the harmonic mean, CF to be the geometric mean, DE to be the arithmetic mean, and CE to be the quadratic mean. The inequalities then follow easily by the Pythagorean theorem.
Using the geometric mean theorem, triangle PGR's altitude GQ is the geometric mean. For any ratio a:b, AO ≥ GQ. Geometric proof without words that max (a,b) > root mean square (RMS) or quadratic mean (QM) > arithmetic mean (AM) > geometric mean (GM) > harmonic mean (HM) > min (a,b) of two distinct positive numbers a and b [note 1
Notice that the a-mean as defined above only has the usual properties of a mean (e.g., if the mean of equal numbers is equal to them) if + + =. In the general case, one can consider instead [] / (+ +), which is called a Muirhead mean. [1] Examples
The power mean could be generalized further to the generalized f-mean: (, …,) = (= ()) This covers the geometric mean without using a limit with f(x) = log(x). The power mean is obtained for f(x) = x p. Properties of these means are studied in de Carvalho (2016).
Mazur's torsion theorem (algebraic geometry) Mean value theorem ; Measurable Riemann mapping theorem (conformal mapping) Mellin inversion theorem (complex analysis) Menelaus's theorem ; Menger's theorem (graph theory) Mercer's theorem (functional analysis) Mermin–Wagner theorem ; Mertens's theorems (number theory)
The mean is the geometric when they are such that as the first is to the second, so the second is to the third. Of these terms the greater and the lesser have the interval between them equal. Subcontrary, which we call harmonic, is the mean when they are such that, by whatever part of itself the first term exceeds the second, by that part of ...