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Volcanic rocks are named according to both their chemical composition and texture. Basalt is a very common volcanic rock with low silica content. Rhyolite is a volcanic rock with high silica content. Rhyolite has silica content similar to that of granite while basalt is compositionally equal to gabbro.
Extrusive igneous rock is made from lava released by volcanoes Sample of basalt (an extrusive igneous rock), found in Massachusetts. Extrusive igneous rock, also known as volcanic rock, is formed by the cooling of molten magma on the earth's surface. The magma, which is brought to the surface through fissures or volcanic eruptions, rapidly ...
Basalt is also the principal volcanic rock in many oceanic islands, including the islands of Hawaiʻi, [35] the Faroe Islands, [83] and Réunion. [84] The eruption of basalt lava is observed by geologists at about 20 volcanoes per year. [85] Paraná Traps, Brazil. Basalt is the rock most typical of large igneous provinces.
Dacite from the Lassen Volcano National Park. Dacite (/ ˈ d eɪ s aɪ t /) is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. It has a fine-grained to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite.
The volcanic rock resulting from subsequent cooling is also often called lava. A lava flow is an outpouring of lava during an effusive eruption . (An explosive eruption , by contrast, produces a mixture of volcanic ash and other fragments called tephra , not lava flows.)
Trachybasalt – Volcanic rock – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte Hawaiite – Volcanic rock – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island volcanism; Trachyte – Extrusive igneous rock – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
A nearly four-minute eruption Monday afternoon sending a 2.5-mile ash column above the crater and a deadly spurt of hot ash, gases and fragmented volcanic rock about 2 miles down the mountain's ...
A volcano needs a reservoir of molten magma (e.g. a magma chamber), a conduit to allow magma to rise through the crust, and a vent to allow the magma to escape above the surface as lava. [16] The erupted volcanic material (lava and tephra) that is deposited around the vent is known as a volcanic edifice, typically a volcanic cone or mountain. [16]
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