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In enzymology, an L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) (EC 1.4.3.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: . an L-amino acid + H 2 O + O 2 a 2-oxo acid + NH 3 + H 2 O 2. The enzyme was first described in 1944 by A. Zeller and A. Maritz. [1]
Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva [1] ... Amino acid oxidase also triggers some other enzymes and is responsible for the yellow colour of the venom of some species.
All three sarafotoxins are homologous peptides (four or less than four residue replacements) consisting of 21 amino acid residues. Their structure and activity are novel among snake venom components." [10] "The venom has a very high lethal potency, with an i.v. LD50 of 0.06-0.075 micrograms per g body weight in mice. The action of the venom is ...
Its venom has hemolytic and proteolytic action. [10] B. moojeni venom contains a wide variety of enzymes, such as acidic phospholipase, base A phospholipase, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidase, and a myotoxin phospholipase A2. The myotoxin phospholipase A2 causes necrosis in muscle fibers, releasing creatine kinase. [11]
(Left) The amino acid structure, (Middle) diagram and (Right) Stereodiagram of k-Bungarotoxin. [13] Evidence of early interest in snake venom was prevalent throughout the early 20th century with one of the first big breakthroughs being in the mid-1960s.
The venom contains an anticoagulant, mamushi L-amino-acid oxidase (M-LAO). [14] It also contains the peptide ablomin which is highly similar in amino acid sequence to that of the venom, helothermine, of the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum). [15]
The amino acid code of proteins in the small basic polypeptide myotoxin family, which includes crotamine, have been sequenced. They were found to be similar with an average of 83% divergence. A crotamine amino acid sequence was compared to that of cloned DNA of myotoxin a, (the myotoxin used to model how SBPMs work). In the comparison, exon ...
Vrielink's early research centered on the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme cholesterol oxidase first in Brevibacterium [8] [9] and then in Streptomyces. [10] She has been involved in projects that have established the structure of compounds including L-amino-acid oxidase, [11] prions, [12] and snake venom. [13]