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Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, exploitation, trade and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism, mercantilism, or colonialism.
Colonialism is etymologically rooted in the Latin word "Colonus", which was used to describe tenant farmers in the Roman Empire. [4] The coloni sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but as the system evolved they became permanently indebted to the landowner and trapped in servitude.
Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492–2007 Map of the year each country achieved independence.. The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time.
' conquerors ') is a term used to refer to Spanish and Portuguese colonizers who explored, traded with and colonized parts of the Americas, Africa, Oceania and Asia during the Age of Discovery. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Sailing beyond the Iberian Peninsula , they established numerous colonies and trade routes , and brought much of the " New World " under the ...
Following the expulsion of the Portuguese colonizers, Sultanate of Oman was the preeminent power in the western Indian Ocean during the 17th century. [2] Swahili coast; Zanzibar; Qatar; Bahrain; Somalia; Socotra; Gwadar
Word of Columbus's exploits spread quickly, sparking the Western European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Americas. The Discovery of America ( Johann Moritz Rugendas ). Spanish explorers, conquerors, and settlers sought material wealth, prestige, and the spread of Christianity , often summed up in the phrase "gold, glory, and God ...
Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial empires [6] [7] under the leadership of Henry the Navigator.The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories distributed across the globe (especially at one time in the 16th century) that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states.
This is a list of former European colonies. The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom, France, Portugal, ...