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Close corporations are limited to a membership of between one and ten natural persons. The requirements for membership are laid out in section 29 of the Close Corporations Act. To become a member, a person must be entitled to a member's interest; [14] be a trustee of a mortis causa trust; [15] be a trustee of an estate; [16] or
Piercing the corporate veil typically is most effective with smaller privately held business entities (close corporations) in which the corporation has a small number of shareholders, limited assets, and recognition of separateness of the corporation from its shareholders would promote fraud or an inequitable result.
合同会社 (gōdō gaisha or gōdō kaisha, "G.K.") – lit. "amalgamated company", a close corporation form similar to the American LLC, introduced in 2006 有限会社 (yūgen gaisha or yūgen kaisha, "Y.K.") – lit. "limited company", a close corporation form for smaller businesses, abolished in 2006 and replaced by G.K. above
By convention, most common law jurisdictions divide the constitutional documents of companies into two separate documents: [1]. the Memorandum of Association (in some countries referred to as the Articles of Incorporation) is the primary document, and will generally regulate the company's activities with the outside world, such as the company's objects and powers.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 February 2025. Legal entity incorporated through a legislative or registration process For other uses, see Corporation (disambiguation). "Corporate" redirects here. For other uses, see Corporate (disambiguation). "Corp." redirects here. Not to be confused with "Copr.". This article is part of a series ...
Letters close (Latin: litterae clausae) are a type of obsolete legal document once used by the Pope, the French and British monarchy and by certain officers of government, which is a sealed letter granting a right, monopoly, title, or status to an individual or to some entity such as a corporation.
The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) is an agency of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition in South Africa. [1] The CIPC was established by the Companies Act, 2008 (Act No. 71 of 2008) [2] as a juristic person to function as an organ of state within the public administration, but as an institution outside the public service.
The object of section 49 of the Close Corporations Act is to come to the relief of the victim of oppressive conduct. The section gives the court the power to make orders "with a view to settling the dispute" between the members of a close corporation if it is just and equitable to do so. To this end the court is given a wide discretion.