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  2. Reciprocal causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_causation

    Reciprocal causation features in several explanations within contemporary evolutionary biology, including sexual selection theory, coevolution, habitat selection, and frequency-dependent selection. In these examples, the source of selection on a trait coevolves with the trait itself, therefore causation is reciprocal and developmental processes ...

  3. Social cognitive theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_theory

    Similarly, the environment one is raised in may influence later behaviors. For example, a caregiver's mindset (also cognition) determines the environment in which their children are raised. Triadic Causation Model. The core concepts of this theory are explained by Bandura through a schematization of triadic reciprocal causation. [3]

  4. Reciprocal determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_determinism

    Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences.

  5. Causal reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_reasoning

    Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect.The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one.

  6. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on the cause. [1]

  7. Causal notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_notation

    Ecosystem example: correlation without causation [ edit ] Imagine the number of days of weather below one degrees Celsius, y {\displaystyle y} , causes ice to form on a lake, f ( y ) {\displaystyle f(y)} , and it causes bears to go into hibernation g ( y ) {\displaystyle g(y)} .

  8. Symbol grounding problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_Grounding_Problem

    The symbol grounding problem is a concept in the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and semantics.It addresses the challenge of connecting symbols, such as words or abstract representations, to the real-world objects or concepts they refer to.

  9. Reciprocity (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(evolution)

    Direct reciprocity was proposed by Robert Trivers as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation. [1] If there are repeated encounters between the same two players in an evolutionary game in which each of them can choose either to "cooperate" or "defect", then a strategy of mutual cooperation may be favoured even if it pays each player, in the short term, to defect when the other cooperates.