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The phytol ester of chlorophyll a (R in the diagram) is a long hydrophobic tail which anchors the molecule to other hydrophobic proteins in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. [5] Once detached from the porphyrin ring, phytol becomes the precursor of two biomarkers , pristane and phytane , which are important in the study of geochemistry ...
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. [2] Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). [3] Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light.
The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex; LH or LHC) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and ...
Diagram of flower parts. In botany, floral morphology is the study of the diversity of forms and structures presented by the flower, which, by definition, is a branch of limited growth that bears the modified leaves responsible for reproduction and protection of the gametes, called floral pieces. [note 1]
A floral diagram is a graphic representation of the structure of a flower. It shows the number of floral organs, their arrangement and fusion. Different parts of the flower are represented by their respective symbols. Floral diagrams are useful for flower identification or can help in understanding angiosperm evolution.
The sepals, collectively called the calyx, are modified leaves that occur on the outermost whorl of the flower. [2] They are leaf-like, in that they have a broad base, stomata and chlorophyll and may have stipules. Sepals are often waxy and tough, and grow quickly to protect the flower as it develops.
In land plants, the plastids that contain chlorophyll can perform photosynthesis, thereby creating internal chemical energy from external sunlight energy while capturing carbon from Earth's atmosphere and furnishing the atmosphere with life-giving oxygen. These are the chlorophyll-plastids—and they are named chloroplasts; (see top graphic).
They help transfer and dissipate excess energy, [12] and their bright colors sometimes override the chlorophyll green, like during the fall, when the leaves of some land plants change color. [ 156 ] β-carotene is a bright red-orange carotenoid found in nearly all chloroplasts, like chlorophyll a . [ 12 ]