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The event may involve social constructionism phenomena such as loss of money in market crashes, or direct threats to continuity of life: as in natural disasters like a tsunami or violence in war. Normalcy bias has also been called analysis paralysis , the ostrich effect , [ 4 ] and by first responders , the negative panic . [ 5 ]
Others are non-anthropogenic or natural, such as meteor impacts or supervolcanoes. The impact of these scenarios can vary widely, depending on the cause and the severity of the event, ranging from temporary economic disruption to human extinction. Many societal collapses have already happened throughout human history.
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event. Some examples of natural hazard events include avalanches , droughts , earthquakes , floods , heat waves , landslides - including submarine landslides , tropical cyclones , volcanic activity and wildfires . [ 1 ]
Includes country profiles, disaster profiles and a disaster list. "Natural Hazard Information from the Coastal Ocean Institute". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Particularly including articles on tsunamis, hurricanes and other storms. "Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System".
The preparedness paradox is the proposition that if a society or individual acts effectively to mitigate a potential disaster such as a pandemic, natural disaster or other catastrophe so that it causes less harm, the avoided danger will be perceived as having been much less serious because of the limited damage actually caused.
The study of how humans respond to disasters is a phenomenon one can study by examining diverse source documents created and preserved throughout human history thus far. [1] [2] In ancient times, disasters were seen through the lens of supernormal explanations.
Crisis mappers are usually volunteers, meaning they contribute non-wage labor. They can be professional mappers, software developers, data analysts, or members of the public. [ 9 ] Since it is a new field, crisis mapping engages users' existing skills, rather than field-specific skills.
Natural catastrophes (sometimes referred to as "nat cat") [2] that are modeled include: Hurricane (main peril is wind damage; some models can also include storm surge and rainfall) Earthquake (main peril is ground shaking; some models can also include tsunami, fire following earthquakes, liquefaction, landslide, and sprinkler leakage damage)