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The Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm (DRM) consists of a participant listening to an experimenter read lists of thematically related words (e.g. table, couch, lamp, desk); then after some period of time the experimenter will ask if a word was presented in the list. Participants often report that related but non-presented words (e.g. chair ...
Disappointment is the feeling of dissatisfaction that follows the failure of expectations or hopes [1] to manifest. Similar to regret, it differs in that a person who feels regret focuses primarily on the personal choices that contributed to a poor outcome, while a person feeling disappointment focuses on the outcome itself. [2]
In the case of upward counterfactual thinking, people tend to feel more negative feelings (e.g., regret, disappointment) about the situation. When thinking in this manner, people focus on ways that the situation could have turned out more positively: for example, "If only I had studied more, then I wouldn't have failed my test". [16]
Resentment (also called ranklement or bitterness) is a complex, multilayered emotion [1] that has been described as a mixture of disappointment, disgust and anger. [2] Other psychologists consider it a mood [3] or as a secondary emotion (including cognitive elements) that can be elicited in the face of insult or injury.
For example, anger can signal that an individual or group has reached its limit within a negotiation, and can immediately structure the behavioral responses from the opposite party. [23] Meanwhile, sadness can communicate the readiness to disengage from a goal, [ 21 ] and the potential for social withdrawal from a person or group, [ 24 ...
Agent regret is the idea that a person could be involved in a situation, and regret their involvement even if those actions were innocent, unintentional, or involuntary. [3] For example, if someone decides to die by stepping in front of a moving vehicle , the death is not the fault of the driver, but the driver may still regret that the person ...
Remorse is a distressing emotion experienced by an individual who regrets actions which they have done in the past [1] that they deem to be shameful, hurtful, or wrong.Remorse is closely allied to guilt and self-directed resentment.
Reverse psychology is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the persuasion to do what is actually desired.