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Shovel-shaped incisors. Shovel-shaped incisors and non-shovel-shaped incisors. Shovel-shaped incisors (or, more simply, shovel incisors) are incisors whose lingual surfaces are scooped as a consequence of lingual marginal ridges, crown curvature, or basal tubercles, either alone or in combination. [1]
Sinodonty is a particular pattern of teeth characterized by the following features: The upper first incisors and upper second incisors are shovel-shaped, and they are "not aligned with the other teeth". [10] The upper first premolar has one root, and the lower first molar in Sinodonts has three roots (3RM1). [10] [5]
Earlier Homo erectus species exhibited larger teeth than Homo sapiens do today, but the teeth are smaller than early Homo species. [14] The incisors also begin to show the shovel-shaped appearance, which can be attributed to a change towards a hunter-gatherer diet. [14]
The majority are crown and root shape variants, although the system also includes some skeletal variants of the maxilla and mandible. Most of the variants occur at different frequencies in human populations around the world. [3] Examples of dental variants listed in the ASUDAS are shovel-shaped incisors, Carabelli cusps, or hypocones.
[51] [52] Stringer (1992) however found that shovel-shaped incisors are present on >70% of the early Holocene Wadi Halfa fossil sample from North Africa, and common elsewhere. [53] Frayer, et al. (1993) have criticized Stringer's method of scoring shovel-shaped incisor teeth.
Certain features observed in human teeth can link them to different populations. Teeth exhibit variables with a strong hereditary component that are useful in assessing population relationships and evolutionary dynamics. [3] One example is shovel-shaped incisors, in which individuals have ridges on the inside margins of their front teeth. This ...
The upper incisors are shovel-shaped (the lingual, or tongue, side is distinctly concave), a feature characteristic of other Eurasian human populations, including modern. The canines bear the cingulum (a protuberance toward the base) and the essential ridge (toward the midline) like more derived species, but retain the cuspules (small bumps ...
The maxillary central incisor is a human tooth in the front upper jaw, or maxilla, and is usually the most visible of all teeth in the mouth. It is located mesial (closer to the midline of the face) to the maxillary lateral incisor. As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication (chewing).