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Testosterone can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. [2] [3] These include oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, transdermal (gels, creams, patches, solutions), vaginal (creams, gels, suppositories), rectal (suppositories), by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection (in oil solutions or aqueous suspensions), and as a subcutaneous implant.
Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. In infants, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used. The injection ...
Testosterone can be used as a gel or transdermal patch that is applied to the skin topically, intramuscular injection (IM), buccally (a tablet dissolved between the gum and cheek inside the mouth), or as an oral tablet (tablet swallowed by mouth). [9] Common side effects of testosterone include acne, swelling, and breast enlargement in men. [9]
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [ 3 ] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Neonatal testosterone therapy can be given to infants with HH. [15] However, for children, testosterone should be avoided due to the possible adverse effects of rapid bone aging and growth acceleration. [10] There are various formulation of testosterone including oral, intramuscular, and transdermal such as patches and gels. [8]
Puberty blockers (also called puberty inhibitors or hormone blockers) are medicines used to postpone puberty in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, which suppress the natural production of sex hormones, such as androgens (e.g. testosterone) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol). [1][2 ...
Testosterone propionate is administered in oil via intramuscular injection. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It has a relatively short elimination half-life and mean residence time of 2 days and 4 days, respectively. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As such, it has a short duration of action and must be administered two to three times per week.
Androgen replacement therapy. Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy in which androgens, often testosterone, are supplemented or replaced. It typically involves the administration of testosterone through injections, skin creams, patches, gels, pills, or ...