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Genetic code logo of the Globobulimina pseudospinescens mitochondrial genome by FACIL. The program is able to correctly infer that the Protozoan Mitochondrial Code is in use. [57] The logo shows the 64 codons from left to right, predicted alternatives in red (relative to the standard genetic code). Red line: stop codons.
The vertebrate mitochondrial code; The yeast mitochondrial code; The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code; The invertebrate mitochondrial code; The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code; The deleted kinetoplast code; cf. table 4. deleted, cf. table 1. The echinoderm and flatworm ...
Kinetoplast. A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. [1][2] The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. Kinetoplasts are only found in Excavata of the class Kinetoplastida.
Mitosome. A mitosome (also called a crypton in early literature) [1] is a mitochondrion -related organelle (MRO) [2] found in a variety of parasitic unicellular eukaryotes, such as members of the supergroup Excavata. The mitosome was first discovered in 1999 in Entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal parasite of humans, [3][4] and mitosomes have ...
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, [3][4] and characterised by the presence of a distinctive organelle called the kinetoplast (hence the name), a granule containing a large mass of DNA. The group includes a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in ...
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon.
Protozoa (sg.: protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Historically, protozoans were regarded as "one-celled animals".
By 1998, Cavalier-Smith had reduced the total number of kingdoms from eight to six: Animalia, Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae (including red and green algae), Chromista, and Bacteria. [44] Five of Cavalier-Smith's kingdoms are classified as eukaryotes as shown in the following scheme: Eubacteria. Neomura.