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2. Snellen chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snellen_chart

   Snellen chart. Purpose. Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity (last three rows are 20/15, 20/13 and 20/10) A Snellen chart is an eye chart that can be used to measure visual acuity. Snellen charts are named after the Dutch ophthalmologist Herman Snellen who developed the chart in 1862 as a measurement tool for the acuity formula ...

3. Eye chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_chart

   Lea test. logMAR chart. An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity comprising lines of optotypes in ranges of sizes. Optotypes are the letters or symbols shown on an eye chart. [1] Eye charts are often used by health care professionals, such as optometrists, physicians and nurses, to screen persons for vision impairment.

4. Sloan letters - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_letters

   Sloan letters, designed by Louise Sloan in 1959, are a set of optotypes used to test visual acuity generally used in Snellen charts and logMAR charts. This set of optotypes consists of ten specially formed "letters", C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V and Z. [1] These letters, unlike the ones used in older Snellen charts, are designed to give acuity ...

5. Jaeger chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaeger_chart

   Jaeger chart. The Jaeger chart is an eye chart used in testing near visual acuity. It is a card on which paragraphs of text are printed, with the text sizes increasing from 0.37 mm to 2.5 mm. [1] This card is to be held by a patient at a fixed distance from the eye dependent on the J size being read. The smallest print that the patient can read ...

6. LogMAR chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LogMAR_chart

   History. The chart was designed by Ian Bailey and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...

7. Visual acuity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity

   Herman Snellen, a Dutch ophthalmologist, publishes in Utrecht his book, Probebuchstaben zur Bestimmung der Sehschärfe [Test letters for measuring visual acuity, containing charts for measuring visual acuity. In later editions of his book, Snellen called the letters of his charts optotypes and advocated for standardized vision tests.

8. Herman Snellen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Snellen

   Herman Snellen ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛr.mɑn ˈsnɛ.lə (n)], February 19, 1834 – January 18, 1908) was a Dutch ophthalmologist who introduced the Snellen chart to study visual acuity (1862). He took over directorship of the Netherlands Hospital for Eye Patients (Nederlandsch Gasthuis voor Ooglijders), after Franciscus Donders.

9. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

   Description ( notes ) AC. Anterior chamber. fluid-filled space between the iris and the endothelium. AC 4/4. Grade 4 anterior chamber angle. open angle between cornea and iris. AC 3/4. Grade 3 anterior chamber angle.