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2. Uses of English verb forms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms

   A typical English verb may have five different inflected forms: The base form or plain form ( go, write, climb ), which has several uses—as an infinitive, imperative, present subjunctive, and present indicative except in the third-person singular. The -s form ( goes, writes, climbs ), used as the present indicative in the third-person singular.

3. English modal auxiliary verbs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_modal_auxiliary_verbs

   The English modal auxiliary verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality (properties such as possibility and obligation). [a] They can most easily be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participles or plain forms [b]) and by their lack of the ending ‑ ( e) s for the ...

4. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   English grammar is the set of structural rules of the English language.This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and whole texts.. This article describes a generalized, present-day Standard English – a form of speech and writing used in public discourse, including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news, over a range of registers, from formal to ...

5. Extended Backus–Naur form - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Backus–Naur_form

   Extended Backus–Naur form. In computer science, extended Backus–Naur form ( EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar. EBNF is used to make a formal description of a formal language such as a computer programming language. They are extensions of the basic Backus–Naur form (BNF ...

6. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

   Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957. [1] They are used to break down a natural language sentence into its constituent parts, also known as syntactic categories, including both ...

7. Indirect speech - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_speech

   Indirect speech. In linguistics, speech or indirect discourse is a grammatical mechanism for reporting the content of another utterance without directly quoting it. For example, the English sentence Jill said she was coming is indirect discourse while Jill said "I'm coming" would be direct discourse. In fiction, the "utterance" might amount to ...