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Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. Thus a prism of 1 Δ would produce 1 cm visible displacement at 100 cm, or 1 metre. This can be represented mathematically as: = where is the amount of prism correction in prism dioptres, and is the angle of deviation of the light.
The prism fusion range ( PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision ( BSV) in the presence of increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to ...
every 6 hours quaque sexta hora q.8.h., q8h every 8 hours quaque octava hora q.a.m., qAM, qam every morning: quaque ante meridiem q.d., qd every day / daily quaque die q.h.s., qhs every night at bedtime quaque hora somni q.d.s, qds, QDS 4 times a day quater die sumendum q.i.d, qid 4 times a day quater in die q.h., qh every hour, hourly quaque hora
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
q.1 h, q.1° quaque 1 hora: every 1 hour (can replace 1 with other numbers) q4PM at 4:00 pm (can replace 4 with other numbers) mistaken to mean every 4 hours q.a.d. quaque alternis die: every other day q.a.m. quaque die ante meridiem: every morning (every day before noon) q.d./q.1.d. quaque die: every day
Fixation disparity. Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria. While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]
Prism adaptation is a sensory-motor adaptation that occurs after the visual field has been artificially shifted laterally or vertically. It was first introduced by Hermann von Helmholtz in late 19th-century Germany as supportive evidence for his perceptual learning theory (Helmholtz, 1909/1962). [1] Since its discovery, prism adaptation has ...