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Maddox rod. The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [ 1] Dissociation of the deviation is brought about by presenting a red line image to one eye and a white light to the other, while ...
Fixation disparity. Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria. While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; or hyperphoria, in which ...
Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [ 1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [ 2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia .
A cover test or cover-uncover test is an objective determination of the presence and amount of ocular deviation. It is typically performed by orthoptists, ophthalmologists and optometrists during eye examinations . The two primary types of cover tests are: the alternating cover test. the unilateral cover test (or the cover-uncover test).
Prism (optics) A familiar dispersive prism. An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled — elements with two parallel surfaces are not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base ...
1. Think of it as part planetarium, part mini-Sphere. Cosm has roots in science and education. The firm owns Spitz Inc., the planetarium endeavor founded in the 1940s by Armand Spitz, a principal ...