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Floor function. Ceiling function. In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor (x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the smallest integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil (x).
As another example, φ(1) = 1 since for n = 1 the only integer in the range from 1 to n is 1 itself, and gcd(1, 1) = 1. Euler's totient function is a multiplicative function, meaning that if two numbers m and n are relatively prime, then φ(mn) = φ(m)φ(n).
Interval (mathematics) The addition x + a on the number line. All numbers greater than x and less than x + a fall within that open interval. In mathematics, a real interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps". Each endpoint is either a real number or positive or negative infinity, indicating the ...
Binary search Visualization of the binary search algorithm where 7 is the target value Class Search algorithm Data structure Array Worst-case performance O (log n) Best-case performance O (1) Average performance O (log n) Worst-case space complexity O (1) Optimal Yes In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search ...
In mathematics, an integer-valued function is a function whose values are integers.In other words, it is a function that assigns an integer to each member of its domain.. The floor and ceiling functions are examples of integer-valued functions of a real variable, but on real numbers and, generally, on (non-disconnected) topological spaces integer-valued functions are not especially useful.
The gamma function is the unique function that simultaneously satisfies. , for all complex numbers except the non-positive integers, and, for integer n, for all complex numbers . [1] In a certain sense, the log-gamma function is the more natural form; it makes some intrinsic attributes of the function clearer.
Arithmetic function. In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function[1][2] is generally any function f (n) whose domain is the positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. [3][4][5] Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some ...
Maximum and minimum. Local and global maxima and minima for cos (3π x)/ x, 0.1≤ x ≤1.1. In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum[a] of a function are, respectively, the largest and smallest value taken by the function. Known generically as extremum, [b] they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema ...