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Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes ( strabismus ), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye. Dissociated vertical deviation is a special type of hypertropia leading to slow ...
Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. [ 1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. [ 2] Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in ...
A psychological adaptation is a functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment. Psychological adaptations fall under the scope of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs), [2] however, EPMs refer to a less restricted set. Psychological adaptations include only the functional traits that increase the ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Ischemic optic neuropathy ( ION) is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve (i.e. ischemia ). Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience: Neuroscience is the scientific study of the structure and function of the nervous system. [ 1][ 2] It encompasses the branch of biology [ 3] that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits.
James Mark Baldwin in 1917. James Mark Baldwin (January 12, 1861, Columbia, South Carolina – November 8, 1934, Paris) [1] [2] was an American philosopher and psychologist who was educated at Princeton under the supervision of Scottish philosopher James McCosh and who was one of the founders of the Department of Psychology at Princeton and the University of Toronto. [3]
Arthur S. Reber (born 1940) is an American cognitive psychologist. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Association for Psychological Science (APS) and a Fulbright Fellow. He is known for introducing the concept of implicit learning and for using basic principles of evolutionary biology to show ...