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The presence of women in medicine, particularly in the practicing fields of surgery and as physicians, has been traced to the earliest of history.Women have historically had lower participation levels in medical fields compared to men with occupancy rates varying by race, socioeconomic status, and geography.
Within family households, however, women continued heal, [4] as seen in the recipe books many women kept and passed down from generation to generation. [5] Women "were brought up to know how to make medicines and how to use them." [6] The roots of medicine within Europe largely originated from women and their knowledge. [7]
Marie Elisabeth Zakrzewska (6 September 1829 – 12 May 1902) was a Polish-American physician who made her name as a pioneering female doctor in the United States. [1] As a Berlin native, she found great interest in medicine after assisting her mother, who worked as a midwife.
At the same time, she gave lectures to women in the United States and England about the importance of educating women and the profession of medicine for women. [6] In the audience at one of her lectures in England, was a woman named Elizabeth Garrett Anderson , who later became the first woman doctor in England, in 1865.
The women's health movement has origins in multiple movements within the United States: the popular health movement of the 1830s and 1840s, the struggle for women/midwives to practice medicine or enter medical schools in the late 1800s and early 1900s, black women's clubs that worked to improve access to healthcare, and various social movements ...
Walsh, James J. (2008) [1911 (Fordham University Press)]. "Medieval Women Physicians". Old Time Makers of Medicine: The Story of the Students and Teachers of the Sciences Related to Medicine During the Middle Ages. Lethe Press. pp. 135– 150. Yount, Lisa (2007). A to Z of Women in Science and Math (Rev. ed.). New York: Infobase Pub.
As a young woman, she taught at a school in Minetto, New York, eventually earning enough money to pay her way through Syracuse Medical College, where she graduated with honors as a medical doctor in 1855, the only woman in her class. [6] Photograph of Mary E. Walker by Mathew Brady Studio sometime during the period of c. 1860-1870.
This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country, where that is known. Many, if not all, countries have had female physicians since time immemorial; however, modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only, whether de facto or de jure.