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Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data accessed through the use of a "database management system" (DBMS), which is an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data).
A relational database (RDB [1]) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. [2] A database management system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system ( RDBMS ).
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
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For example, the shapefile format, developed by ESRI for spatial data in its PC ArcInfo geographic information system, uses .dbf files to store feature attribute data. [40] Microsoft recommends saving a Microsoft Works database file in the dBase file format so that it can be read by Microsoft Excel. [41] A package is available for Emacs to read ...
Database Management Library: Proprietary Dataphor: Proprietary dBase: Proprietary Derby (aka Java DB) Apache License 2.0 Empress Embedded Database: Proprietary EnterpriseDB: Proprietary eXtremeDB: Proprietary Exasol: Proprietary Extensible Storage Engine: Proprietary FileMaker Pro: Proprietary Firebird: MPL/GPL/LGPL FoundationDB: Apache License ...
The hierarchical database model mandates that each child record has only one parent, whereas each parent record can have one or more child records. In order to retrieve data from a hierarchical database, the whole tree needs to be traversed starting from the root node. This model is recognized as the first database model created by IBM in the ...
Apache Cassandra is a free and open-source database management system designed to handle large volumes of data across multiple commodity servers.Cassandra supports clusters and spanning of multiple data centers, [2] featuring asynchronous and masterless replication.