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Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
A radio direction finder (RDF) is a device for finding the direction, or bearing, to a radio source. The act of measuring the direction is known as radio direction finding or sometimes simply direction finding (DF). Using two or more measurements from different locations, the location of an unknown transmitter can be determined; alternately ...
These axially symmetric antennas have radiation patterns with a similar symmetry, called omnidirectional patterns; they radiate equal power in all directions perpendicular to the antenna, with the power varying only with the angle to the axis, dropping off to zero on the antenna's axis. This illustrates the general principle that if the shape ...
The antenna pattern is the response of the antenna to a plane wave incident from a given direction or the relative power density of the wave transmitted by the antenna in a given direction. For a reciprocal antenna, these two patterns are identical. A multitude of antenna pattern measurement techniques have been developed.
Direction finding with rotating antennas is difficult at these wavelengths due to the required size of the antennas. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] A great advance in RDF technique was introduced in the form of the Bellini-Tosi direction finder (B-T) system, which replaced the rotation of the antenna with the rotation of a small coil of wire connected to two non ...
It is the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. [1] Therefore, the directivity of a hypothetical isotropic radiator, a source of electromagnetic waves which radiates the same power in all directions, is 1, or 0 dBi.
This antenna radiates maximally in directions perpendicular to the antenna's axis, giving it a small directive gain of 2.15 dBi (2.15 dBi means that in the direction of maximum radiation, signal strength is 1.64× the signal from a directionless "isotropic" antenna). Doublet
Higher-gain omnidirectional antennas can also be built. "Higher gain" in this case means that the antenna radiates less energy at higher and lower elevation angles and more in the horizontal directions. High-gain omnidirectional antennas are generally realized using collinear dipole arrays.