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Extra-close oppositions of Mars happen every 15 to 17 years, when we pass between Mars and the Sun around the time of its perihelion (closest point to the Sun in orbit). The minimum distance between Earth and Mars has been declining over the years, and in 2003 the minimum distance was 55.76 million km, nearer than any such encounter in almost ...
Mars's average distance from the Sun is roughly 230 million km (143 million mi), and its orbital period is 687 (Earth) days. The solar day (or sol) on Mars is only slightly longer than an Earth day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. [185] A Martian year is equal to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours. [2]
The quadrangle covers an approximate area of 4.9 million square km, or a little over 3% of Mars' surface area. [3] The Phoenix lander's landing site (68.22° N, 234.25° E) lies about 186 km (116 mi) north of the northeastern quarter of the Diacria quadrangle.
The maps below were produced by the Mars Global Surveyor ' s Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter; redder colors indicate higher elevations.The maps of the equatorial quadrangles use a Mercator projection, while those of the mid-latitude quadrangles use a Lambert conformal conic projection, and the maps of the polar quadrangles use a polar stereographic projection.
Mars Global Surveyor imaged the Earth and Moon on May 8, 2003, 13:00 UTC, very close to maximum angular elongation from the Sun and at a distance of 0.930 AU from Mars. The apparent magnitudes were given as −2.5 and +0.9. [ 8 ]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars: Mars – fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System , after Mercury . Named after the Roman god of war , it is often referred to as the " Red Planet " [ 1 ] [ 2 ] because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish ...
The Mare Boreum quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Mare Boreum quadrangle is also referred to as MC-1 (Mars Chart-1). [1] Its name derives from an older name for a feature that is now called Planum Boreum, a large plain surrounding the ...
1 astronomical unit (au); mean distance between Earth and Sun 10 12: 1 terameter (Tm) 1.3 Tm Optical diameter of Betelgeuse: 1.4 Tm Orbital distance of Saturn from Sun 2 Tm Estimated optical diameter of VY Canis Majoris, one of the largest-known stars: 5.9 Tm Orbital distance of Pluto from the Sun ~ 7.5 Tm Outer boundary of the Kuiper belt: 10 ...