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Polarization (also polarisation) is a property of transverse waves which specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. [1][2][3][4][5] In a transverse wave, the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. [4] A simple example of a polarized transverse wave is vibrations traveling along a ...
In optics, polarized light can be described using the Jones calculus, [ 1 ] invented by R. C. Jones in 1941. Polarized light is represented by a Jones vector, and linear optical elements are represented by Jones matrices. When light crosses an optical element the resulting polarization of the emerging light is found by taking the product of the ...
An omnidirectional antenna radiates equal signal strength in all horizontal directions, so its horizontal pattern is just a circle. It is a fundamental property of antennas that the receiving pattern (sensitivity as a function of direction) of an antenna when used for receiving is identical to the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna when ...
Photon polarization is the quantum mechanical description of the classical polarized sinusoidal plane electromagnetic wave. An individual photon can be described as having right or left circular polarization, or a superposition of the two. Equivalently, a photon can be described as having horizontal or vertical linear polarization, or a ...
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. [1][2][3][4] It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light.
For instance, an antenna composed of a linear conductor (such as a dipole or whip antenna) oriented vertically will result in vertical polarization; if turned on its side the same antenna's polarization will be horizontal. Reflections generally affect polarization. Radio waves reflected off the ionosphere can change the wave's polarization.
The electric field or "E" plane determines the polarization or orientation of the radio wave. For a vertically polarized antenna, the E-plane usually coincides with the vertical/elevation plane. For a horizontally polarized antenna, the E-Plane usually coincides with the horizontal/azimuth plane. E- plane and H-plane should be 90 degrees apart.
Fresnel equations. Partial transmission and reflection of a pulse travelling from a low to a high refractive index medium. At near-grazing incidence, media interfaces appear mirror-like especially due to reflection of the s polarization, despite being poor reflectors at normal incidence. Polarized sunglasses block the s polarization, greatly ...