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  2. Bottom–up and top–down design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom–up_and_topdown...

    Topdown methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, [3] and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be used. Modern software design approaches usually combine topdown and bottomup approaches. Although an understanding of the ...

  3. Urban design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_design

    Top-up Urbanism is the theory and implementation of two techniques in urban design: top-down and bottom-up. Top-down urbanism is when the design is implemented from the top of the hierarchy - normally the government or planning department. Bottom-up or grassroots urbanism begins with the people or the bottom of the hierarchy.

  4. Floor plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_plan

    t. e. In architecture and building engineering, a floor plan is a technical drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical features at one level of a structure. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.

  5. Architectural drawing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing

    An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building ...

  6. Theories of urban planning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_urban_planning

    [91] [92] Carrier-Infill urban design is differentiated from complete urban design, such as in the monumental axis of Brasília, in which the urban design and architecture were created together. In carrier-infill urban design or urban planning, the negative space of the city, including landscape, open space, and infrastructure is designed in ...

  7. Multiview orthographic projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiview_orthographic...

    v. t. e. In technical drawing and computer graphics, a multiview projection is a technique of illustration by which a standardized series of orthographic two-dimensional pictures are constructed to represent the form of a three-dimensional object. Up to six pictures of an object are produced (called primary views), with each projection plane ...

  8. Glossary of architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_architecture

    This page is a glossary of architecture. A flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column. A sculptural embellishment of an arch. The subsidiary space alongside the body of a building, separated from it by columns, piers, or posts. The space enclosed in a church between the outer gate or railing of the rood screen ...

  9. Arch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch

    An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it. [1] Arches may support the load above them, or they may perform a purely decorative role. As a decorative element, the arch dates back to the 4th millennium BC, but structural load-bearing arches became popular only after their adoption by the Ancient Romans in the 4th ...