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Top–down methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, [3] and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be used. Modern software design approaches usually combine top–down and bottom–up approaches. Although an understanding of the ...
Split-Level House. A split-level home (sometimes called a tri-level home) is a style of house in which the floor levels are staggered. There are typically two short sets of stairs, one running upward to a bedroom level, and one going downward toward a basement area.
Top-up Urbanism is the theory and implementation of two techniques in urban design: top-down and bottom-up. Top-down urbanism is when the design is implemented from the top of the hierarchy - normally the government or planning department. Bottom-up or grassroots urbanism begins with the people or the bottom of the hierarchy.
t. e. In architecture and building engineering, a floor plan is a technical drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical features at one level of a structure. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.
This page is a glossary of architecture. A flat slab forming the uppermost member or division of the capital of a column. A sculptural embellishment of an arch. The subsidiary space alongside the body of a building, separated from it by columns, piers, or posts. The space enclosed in a church between the outer gate or railing of the rood screen ...
Classical order. Greek, "Etruscan" and Roman orders, with stylobate and pediment. An order in architecture is a certain assemblage of parts subject to uniform established proportions, regulated by the office that each part has to perform. [1] Coming down to the present from Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman civilization, the architectural orders ...
Catenary arch. A mudbrick catenary arch. A catenary curve (left) and a catenary arch, also a catenary curve (right). One points up, and one points down, but the curves are the same. A catenary arch is a type of architectural arch that follows an inverted catenary curve. The catenary curve has been employed in buildings since ancient times.
A new design method that couples the above bottom-up optimization with a preliminary system level top-down design has been formulated. [11] The two step design process has been motivated by considering that constructal and modular design does not refer to any objective to be reached in the design process.