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  2. Diophantine approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diophantine_approximation

    Diophantine approximation. In number theory, the study of Diophantine approximation deals with the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers. It is named after Diophantus of Alexandria. The first problem was to know how well a real number can be approximated by rational numbers. For this problem, a rational number p / q is a "good ...

  3. Continued fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction

    Continued fraction. A finite regular continued fraction, where is a non-negative integer, is an integer, and is a positive integer, for . In mathematics, a continued fraction is an expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number, then writing this ...

  4. Quadratic irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_irrational_number

    If D is a non-square natural number, then there is a natural number n such that: n 2 < D < (n + 1) 2, so in particular 0 < √ D − n < 1. If the square root of D is rational, then it can be written as the irreducible fraction p/q, so that q is the smallest possible denominator, and hence the smallest number for which q √ D is also an ...

  5. Number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory

    t. e. Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." [1]

  6. Coin problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_problem

    Only lines with n = 1 or 3 have no points (red). In mathematics, the coin problem (also referred to as the Frobenius coin problem or Frobenius problem, after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius) is a mathematical problem that asks for the largest monetary amount that cannot be obtained using only coins of specified denominations. [1] For ...

  7. Transcendental number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number_theory

    Noncommutative algebra. v. t. e. Transcendental number theory is a branch of number theory that investigates transcendental numbers (numbers that are not solutions of any polynomial equation with rational coefficients), in both qualitative and quantitative ways.

  8. Integer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer

    An integer may be regarded as a real number that can be written without a fractional component. For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are integers, while 9.75, ⁠5 + 1 / 2 ⁠ , 5/4 and √ 2 are not.

  9. Erdős–Straus conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdős–Straus_conjecture

    The Erdős–Straus conjecture is an unproven statement in number theory. The conjecture is that, for every integer that is 2 or more, there exist positive integers , , and for which In other words, the number can be written as a sum of three positive unit fractions.

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