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DHA in breast milk is important for the developing infant. [10] Rates of DHA production in women are 15% higher than in men. [11] DHA is a major fatty acid in brain phospholipids and the retina. Preliminary research has investigated its potential benefit in Alzheimer's disease, [1] [12] and cardiovascular disease, [13] and other disorders. [1]
Phospholipids[1] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phospholipid molecule. [2]
An omega−3 fatty acid is a fatty acid with multiple double bonds, where the first double bond is between the third and fourth carbon atoms from the end of the carbon atom chain. "Short-chain" omega−3 fatty acids have a chain of 18 carbon atoms or less, while "long-chain" omega−3 fatty acids have a chain of 20 or more.
Most of the DHA in the Microalgae is found in the phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine. [3] C. cohnii cultures require an organic carbon source to allow for accumulation of DHA. C. cohnii has been shown to accumulate other fatty acids and starch, especially due to nutrient limitation.
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes. [1] They are synthesized by the addition of cytidine diphosphate - ethanolamine to diglycerides, releasing cytidine monophosphate. S -Adenosyl methionine can subsequently methylate the amine of phosphatidylethanolamines to yield phosphatidylcholines.
To illustrate the amounts of EPA and DHA in supplements, a softgel capsule containing fish oil derived from pollock might contain a total of 642 mg of total fish oil, of which 584 mg are omega-3 fatty acids, with 377 mg EPA and 158 mg DHA. 3 That same company's salmon oil softgel contains 1008 mg of total fish oil, of which 295 mg are omega-3 ...
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