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Famotidine. Famotidine, sold under the brand name Pepcid among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist medication that decreases stomach acid production. [4] It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. [4] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. [4]
Proton-pump inhibitor. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production. They do so by irreversibly inhibiting the stomach's H + /K + ATPase proton pump. [1] Proton-pump inhibitors have largely superseded the H 2 -receptor antagonists, a group of medications with ...
H2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs[1] and also called H2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H 2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. This decreases the production of stomach acid. H 2 antagonists can be used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcers and ...
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available. The group followed and has largely superseded another group of pharmaceuticals with similar effects, but a different mode of action, called H ...
50,000 (2015) [5] Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (Z-E syndrome) is rare disease in which tumors cause the stomach to produce too much acid, resulting in peptic ulcers. Symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. The syndrome is caused by a gastrinoma, a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes a hormone called gastrin. [2]
Acid peptic diseases, such as peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, are caused by distinct but overlapping pathogenic mechanisms involving acid effects on mucosal defense. Acid reflux damages the esophageal mucosa and may also cause laryngeal tissue injury, leading to the development of pulmonary symptoms.
Cimetidine is widely distributed throughout all tissues. [7] It is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and can produce effects in the central nervous system (e.g., headaches, dizziness, somnolence). [2] The volume of distribution of cimetidine is 0.8 L/kg in adults and 1.2 to 2.1 L/kg in children. [6]
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