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List of counties in Illinois. There are 102 counties in Illinois. The most populous of these is Cook County, the second-most populous county in the United States and the home of Chicago, while the least populous is Hardin County. The largest by land area is McLean County, while the smallest is Putnam County. Illinois's FIPS state code is 17 and ...
The Illinois River (Miami-Illinois: Inoka Siipiiwi[4]) is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River at approximately 273 miles (439 km) in length. Located in the U.S. state of Illinois, [5] the river has a drainage basin of 28,756.6 square miles (74,479 km 2). [6] The Illinois River begins with the confluence of the Des Plaines and ...
Illinois has a maximum north–south distance of 390 miles (630 km) and 210 miles (340 km) east-west. Total area is 57,918 square miles (150,010 km 2), ranked 25th in size of the 50 states. Water area is 2,325 square miles (6,020 km 2); Lake Michigan accounts for most of this. Charles Mound in the northwest Driftless Area is the highest point ...
The American Bottom is the flood plain of the Mississippi River in the Metro East region of Southern Illinois, extending from Alton, Illinois, south to the Kaskaskia River. It is also sometimes called "American Bottoms". The area is about 175 square miles (450 km 2), mostly protected from flooding in the 21st century by a levee and drainage ...
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil. The classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol. Each letter is described below (with the exception of Pt): If the ...
The Illinois Basin is a Paleozoic depositional and structural basin in the United States, centered in and underlying most of the state of Illinois, and extending into southwestern Indiana and western Kentucky. The basin is elongate, extending approximately 400 miles (640 km) northwest-southeast, and 200 miles (320 km) southwest-northeast.
Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients.
The most obvious glacial feature in Illinois is Lake Michigan, the basin of which was carved out by glaciers. [6] As the glaciers receded they left a large number of recessional moraines; among the more visible moraines in the state is the Bloomington Moraine, a Wisconsinan terminal moraine that can be seen in Bureau County.