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Spinal anaesthesia (or spinal anesthesia), also called spinal block, subarachnoid block, intradural block and intrathecal block, [1] is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia involving the injection of a local anaesthetic or opioid into the subarachnoid space, generally through a fine needle, usually 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
James Leonard Corning (1855–1923), American neurologist and pioneer of neuraxial blockade. The history of neuraxial anaesthesia dates back to the late 1800s [1] and is closely intertwined with the development of anaesthesia in general. [2] Neuraxial anaesthesia, in particular, is a form of regional analgesia placed in or around the Central ...
D000767. OPS-301 code. 8-910. [edit on Wikidata] Epidural administration (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "upon" + dura mater) [1] is a method of medication administration in which a medicine is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord. The epidural route is used by physicians and nurse anesthetists to administer local anesthetic ...
Combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia is a highly specialised technique which should only be administered by a properly trained anaesthetic practitioner working with full aseptic technique. [citation needed] The needle-through-needle technique involves the introduction of a Tuohy needle (epidural needle) into the epidural space. The standard ...
Spinal and epidural are the most commonly used forms of central neuraxial blockade. Spinal anesthesia is a "one-shot" injection that provides rapid onset and profound sensory anesthesia with lower doses of anesthetic, and is usually associated with neuromuscular blockade (loss of muscle control).
Intrathecal administration is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal, or into the subarachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is useful in several applications, such as for spinal anesthesia, chemotherapy, or pain management. This route is also used to introduce drugs that fight ...
surgery, anesthesiology. Institutions. University of Greifswald, University of Bonn, Charité – Universitätsmedizin. August Karl Gustav Bier (24 November 1861 – 12 March 1949) was a German surgeon. He was the first to perform spinal anesthesia [1] and intravenous regional anesthesia. [2][3][4]
Neuraxial blockade. Neuraxial blockade is local anaesthesia placed around the nerves of the central nervous system, such as spinal anaesthesia, caudal anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia, and combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia. [1][2] The technique is used in surgery, obstetrics, and for postoperative and chronic pain relief. [3]