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Mandibular molars are the teeth located in the lower jaw, specifically in the mandible. They are the largest and strongest teeth in the mandibular arch, typically having two roots. On the other hand, maxillary molars are the teeth found in the upper jaw, known as the maxilla.
The name of teeth on each arcade is self-explanatory - the top sixteen are named ‘maxillary teeth’, while the bottom half are named ‘mandibular teeth’. Each arcade is similar but not identical to its counterpart.
Teeth are organised into two opposing arches – maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower). These can be divided down the midline (mid-sagittal plane) into left and right halves. Teeth are positioned in alveolar sockets and connected to the bone by a suspensory periodontal ligament.
Among primary teeth, 10 usually are found in the maxilla (upper jaw) and the other 10 in the mandible (lower jaw). Among permanent teeth, 16 are found in the maxilla and the other 16 in the mandible. Each tooth has specific distinguishing features. Growing of tooth.
Maxillary molars are present in the upper jaw, whereas mandibular molars exist in the lower jaw. Maxillary molars are different from mandibular molars in many ways, starting from their size to the number of roots in the molars.
There are four corresponding maxillary and four mandibular incisors, yielding a total of eight. They are numbered 7 through 10 and 23 through 26 respectively, according to the universal dental numbering system. The incisors on each dental arcade are further divided into central and lateral ones, depending on their location relative to the midline.
The maxillary artery gives rise to a single branch to supply the mandibular teeth which is known as the inferior alveolar artery. It descends inferiorly along with the inferior alveolar nerve and enters the bone via the mandibular foramen.
The upper arch is the maxillary arch, with the teeth embedded in the maxilla, and the lower arch is the mandibular arch, with the teeth embedded in the mandible. The shape of the crown, in combination with arch mechanics and its position in the mouth, determines a tooth’s function in chewing.
Distal to the trigeminal ganglion, the trigeminal nerve divides into three branches: the ophthalmic nerve, the maxillary nerve, and the mandibular nerve. The maxillary and mandibular nerves give off branches that innervate the teeth in addition to surrounding gingiva, other soft tissues, and muscle.
Mandibular refers to the teeth on the lower jaw, also known as the mandible. Maxillary refers to the teeth on the upper jaw. The maxillae are the two facial bones that form the upper jaw. Image from Visible Body Suite.