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Tether (cell biology) A tether is a form of cell surface protrusion, separated from the cytoskeleton after the application of low pulling forces to the cell surface membrane. They are thin, viscoelastic tubes which can be observed in vivo due to shear flow caused by molecular bonds between blood cells and vessel walls, for example.
The motion of a particle located at position can be described by the Smoluchowski's limit of the Langevin equation: [11] [12] = + (), where is the diffusion coefficient of the particle, is the friction coefficient per unit of mass, () the force per unit of mass, and is a Brownian motion.
Cooperativity. Cooperativity is a phenomenon displayed by systems involving identical or near-identical elements, which act dependently of each other, relative to a hypothetical standard non-interacting system in which the individual elements are acting independently. One manifestation of this is enzymes or receptors that have multiple binding ...
Vesicle (biology and chemistry) Scheme of a liposome formed by phospholipids in an aqueous solution. In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and the transport of ...
A diffusion-limited enzyme catalyses a reaction so efficiently that the rate limiting step is that of substrate diffusion into the active site, or product diffusion out. [2] This is also known as kinetic perfection or catalytic perfection. Since the rate of catalysis of such enzymes is set by the diffusion-controlled reaction, it therefore ...
Biomolecular condensate. In biochemistry, biomolecular condensates are a class of membrane -less organelles and organelle subdomains, which carry out specialized functions within the cell. Unlike many organelles, biomolecular condensate composition is not controlled by a bounding membrane.
Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems. [1] This is an active area of biological research that includes the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms and the study of thousands of different cellular processes such as cellular respiration and the many other metabolic and enzymatic processes that lead to ...
Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. [1][2] Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. [1] This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as complications ...