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A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. [1] Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), [2] [3] and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; "innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an ...
T helper cells (T H cells) assist other lymphocytes, including the maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages. These cells are also known as CD4 + T cells as they express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surfaces.
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. [1] They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system . [ 1 ] B cells produce antibody molecules which may be either secreted or inserted into the plasma membrane where they serve as a part of B-cell receptors . [ 2 ]
Once mature, T cells emigrate from the thymus to provide vital functions in the immune system. [11] [12] Each T cell has a distinct T cell receptor, suited to a specific substance, called an antigen. [12] Most T cell receptors bind to the major histocompatibility complex on cells of the body.
The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major types of lymphocytes and are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. [57] B cells are involved in the humoral immune response, whereas T cells are involved in cell-mediated immune response.
Killer T cell: Lymphocyte: T cell: T lymphocyte; Lymphocytus T; 8-10 Virus-infected cells; Cancer cells; Recruits and communicates with other types of immune cells [4] [17] Memory T cell: Lymphocyte: T cell: MTC; 8-10 Memorizes the characteristics of the antigens; Triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response [4] [18] T helper ...
T-independent memory B cells. T-independent memory B cells are a subset called B1 cells. These cells generally reside in the peritoneal cavity. When reintroduced to antigen, some of these B1 cells can differentiate into memory B cells without interacting with a T cell. [4] These B cells produce IgM antibodies to help clear infection. [20]
The inactive B and T cells are so featureless with few cytoplasmic organelles and mostly inactive chromatin that until the 1960s textbooks could describe these cells, now the central focus of immunology, as having no known function! [11] However, T and B lymphocytes are very distinct cell lineages and they ‘grow up’ in different places in ...