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The standard industrial reaction for producing methyl acrylate is esterification of acrylic acid with methanol under acid catalysis (sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or acidic ion exchangers. [7]). The transesterification is facilitated because methanol and methyl acrylate form a low boiling azeotrope (boiling point 62–63 °C). [8]
[6] [7] According to McQuade, the reaction between methyl acrylate and p-nitrobenzaldehyde is second-order relative to the aldehyde. Moreover, it showed a significant kinetic isotope effect for the acrylate's α-hydrogen (5.2 in DMSO, but ≥2 in all solvents), which would imply that proton abstraction is the rate-determining step.
The acrylate ion is the anion CH 2 =CHCO − 2. Often, acrylate refers to esters of acrylic acid, the most common member being methyl acrylate . These acrylates contain vinyl groups .
Classical examples of the Michael reaction are the reaction between diethyl malonate (Michael donor) and diethyl fumarate (Michael acceptor), [26] that of diethyl malonate and mesityl oxide (forming Dimedone), [27] that of diethyl malonate and methyl crotonate, [28] that of 2-nitropropane and methyl acrylate, [29] that of ethyl ...
Acrylate polymers are derived from but do not contain the acrylate group. [4] The carboxyl group of acrylic acid can react with ammonia to form acrylamide, or with an alcohol to form an acrylate ester. Acrylamide and methyl acrylate are commercially important examples of α,β-unsaturated amides and α,β-unsaturated esters, respectively. They ...
Methacrylic acid undergoes several reactions characteristic of α,β-unsaturated acids (see acrylic acid). These reactions include the Diels–Alder reaction and Michael additions. Esterifications are brought about by acid-catalyzed condensations with alcohols, alkylations with certain alkenes, and transesterifications.
The principal application, consuming approximately 75% of the MMA, is the manufacture of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics . Methyl methacrylate is also used for the production of the co-polymer methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), used as a modifier for PVC.
The polymerization must take place in solvent/monomer mixture, which changes to solvent/monomer/polymer mixture gradually. The K ATRP values could change 10000 times by switching the reaction medium from pure methyl acrylate to pure dimethyl sulfoxide. [16]