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The lungless salamanders, in addition to having no lungs, have long slender snake-shaped bodies with very small limbs that appear almost vestigial in several species. [1] Their main diet consists of small insects, such as springtails, small bark beetles, crickets, young snails, mites, and spiders.
The California slender salamander (Batrachoseps attenuatus) is a lungless salamander [2] that is found primarily in coastal mountain areas of Northern California, United States as well as in a limited part of the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, California, in patches of the northern Central Valley of California, and in extreme southwestern Oregon.
While Batrachoseps major is a small salamander, it is larger than most other Batrachoseps slender salamanders. Adults are 3.2–5.9 centimetres (1.3–2.3 in) in length and have 17-21 costal grooves. [3] Like other Batrachoseps, B. major has only four toes on its hind feet. Color is variable, but individuals are usually some form of gray.
[17] Plethodontids are constantly exposed to air or water, which allows for constant gas exchange that is not limited by ventilation. [15] Oxygen uptake is identical in water and air, assuming the partial pressure of oxygen is the same. [18]
The Inyo Mountains salamander (Batrachoseps campi) or Inyo slender salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae that is endemic to the Inyo Mountains of California [1] in the western United States.
The black-bellied slender salamander is about 3.1 to 4.3 cm long. It has a worm-like body, a small head and small limbs, and a long cylindrical tail, often twice the length of its body. The black-bellied slender salamander can have a black, tan, reddish, brown or beige dorsum often with a contrasting broad mid-dorsal stripe of similar colors.
The gregarious slender salamander (Batrachoseps gregarius) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. [2] Its natural habitats are California interior chaparral and woodlands and temperate grasslands in the lower foothills of the western Sierra Nevada and the eastern Central Valley in California , United States.
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten extant salamander families are grouped together under the order Urodela from the group Caudata. [2]