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The Zaporozhian Cossacks had various social and ethnic origins but were predominantly made up of escaped serfs who preferred the dangerous freedom of the wild steppes, rather than life under the rule of Polish aristocrats. However, townspeople, lesser noblemen and even Crimean Tatars also became part of the Cossack host.
The Zaporozhian Sich (Polish: Sicz Zaporoska, Ukrainian: Запорозька Січ, Zaporozka Sich; also Ukrainian: Вольностi Вiйська Запорозького Низового, Volnosti Viiska Zaporozkoho Nyzovoho; Free lands of the Zaporozhian Host the Lower) [1] was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state [2] of Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries ...
Such plans of Catherine II did not provide for the existence of the Cossack state of the Cossack Hetmanate, or the Cossack liberties, or the Zaporozhian Sich. [1] The term sich is a noun related to the Eastern Slavic verb sich' ( сѣчь ), meaning "to chop" or "cut"; it may have been associated with the usual wood sharp-spiked stockades ...
The Siege of Azov, in Russian historiography known as Azov sitting (Russian: Азовское сидение, romanized: Azovskoe sidenie) or Azov Crisis (Turkish: Azak krizi) was a series of conflicts over control of Azov fortress between Don-Zaporozhian Cossacks and Ottoman-Crimean-Nogai forces from 21 April 1637 to 30 April 1642.
Similarly to the events in imperial Cossack hosts, a revival of Cossack self-organization also took place in Ukraine, inspired by the traditions of the Zaporozhian Sich and Cossack Hetmanate. In April 1917 a congress in Zvenyhorodka , Kyiv Governorate , established Free Cossacks as a volunteer militia in order "to defend the liberties of the ...
The Zaporozhian Cossacks were not the only notable group of Cossacks; others included the Don Cossack Host, Sloboda Cossacks, Terek Cossacks and Yaik Cossacks. [8] As the Tsardom of Muscovy took over the disputed Cossack lands from Poland–Lithuania, all Cossacks eventually came under Russian rule, but the Tsarist and later Imperial government ...
Cossacks were leaving Crimea with loot and captives, reaching Perekop. However, Khan Adil Giray reorganized with his Tatar army and entered into battle with Sirko's Cossack army. Tatar army suffered a crushing defeat, and Khan was again forced to flee. [8] Cossacks killed over 3,000 Tatar troops and captured over 500 during the campaign. [3]
Even Princes Konstanty Ostrogski and Bohdan Hlinski were conducting Cossack raids on Tatar uluses (districts). The commanders of Zaporozhian Host (the Kish) often considered as hetmans in fact carried a title of Kish Otaman. As from 1572, [2] hetman was the unofficial title of commanders of the Registered Cossack Army of the Polish–Lithuanian ...