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2. Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_in_Numbers...

   Although negative numbers are not taught in the 2nd grade, "constructivist" student subtracting 9 from 28 explains that "8 minus 9 equals negative 1" and then argues that "-1 plus 20 is the same as 20-1 and equals 19."

3. Negative number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_number

   The laws of arithmetic for negative numbers ensure that the common-sense idea of an opposite is reflected in arithmetic. For example, − ‍ (−3) = 3 because the opposite of an opposite is the original value. Negative numbers are usually written with a minus sign in front. For example, −3 represents a negative quantity with a magnitude of ...

4. History of mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics

   Chinese mathematics made early contributions, including a place value system and the first use of negative numbers. [6] [7] The Hindu–Arabic numeral system and the rules for the use of its operations, in use throughout the world today evolved over the course of the first millennium AD in India and were transmitted to the Western world via ...

5. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

   The sum of two numbers is unique; there is only one correct answer for a sums. [8] When the sum of a pair of digits results in a two-digit number, the "tens" digit is referred to as the "carry digit". [9] In elementary arithmetic, students typically learn to add whole numbers and may also learn about topics such as negative numbers and fractions.

6. Subtraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtraction

   That is, the 7 is struck through and replaced by a 6. The subtraction then proceeds in the hundreds place, where 6 is not less than 5, so the difference is written down in the result's hundred's place. We are now done, the result is 192. The Austrian method does not reduce the 7 to 6. Rather it increases the subtrahend hundreds digit by one.

7. Additive inverse - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_inverse

   In elementary mathematics, the additive inverse is often referred to as the opposite number, [3] [4] or its negative. [5] The unary operation of arithmetic negation [6] is closely related to subtraction [7] and is important in solving algebraic equations. [8] Not all sets where addition is defined have an additive inverse, such as the natural ...