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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy PDT Photodynamic therapy: PK Penetrating keratoplasy: POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma PPDR Preproliferative diabetic retinopathy PRA Pan-retinal ablation PRK Photorefractive keratectomy PRP Pan-retinal photocoagulation PSCC Posterior sub-capsular cataract PVD Posterior vitreous detachment PXF
In contrast, individuals with diabetes mellitus are at risk of diabetic retinopathy and therefore require more frequent screening. Those with type 1 diabetes should have their first comprehensive eye examination 5 years after diagnosis, followed by yearly exams. Those with type 2 diabetes should have their first comprehensive eye examination at ...
It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor. [citation needed] The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior can be viewed. For better viewing, the pupil can be opened wider (dilated; mydriasis) before ophthalmoscopy using medicated eye drops (dilated fundus examination).
Among the common groups of ophthalmologic disease, fluorescein angiography can detect diabetic retinopathy (neovascularization), vein occlusions, retinal artery occlusions, [4] edema of the optic disc, and tumors. Additionally, the transit time (the period between injection of the dye and when it appears in the examined blood vessels) can ...
Three other names played a prominent role in early fundus photography. According to some historical accounts, Elmer Starr and Lucien Howe may have been first to photograph the human retina. Lucien Howe, a well-known name in Ophthalmology, and his assistant, Elmer Starr, collaborated on the fundus photography project in 1886–88. Howe described ...
A retinal scan is a biometric technique that uses unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels. It is not to be confused with other ocular-based technologies: iris recognition , commonly called an "iris scan", and eye vein verification that uses scleral veins.
Cotton wool spots are commonly caused by changes to the retina secondary to diabetes, hypertension, or blockages to blood vessels to the retina, such as central retinal vein occlusion. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] While at one point believed to have been the result of nerve damage in the retina, interruptions to axoplasmic flow to these nerves may result from ...