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Volumes of the Thomson West annotated version of the California Penal Code; the other popular annotated version is Deering's, which is published by LexisNexis. The Penal Code of California forms the basis for the application of most criminal law, criminal procedure, penal institutions, and the execution of sentences, among other things, in the American state of California.
In Canada, punitive damages may be awarded in exceptional cases for "malicious, oppressive and high-handed" misconduct. [7] The Supreme Court of Canada set out 11 principles to guide judges and juries for awarding punitive damages in the leading case Whiten v Pilot Insurance Co 2002 SCC 18. The principles are not intended to form a checklist or ...
Examples of infractions in California are traffic violations such as exceeding the posted speed limit, etc. Persons charged with infractions do not have the same right to trial by jury as misdemeanor defendants, notwithstanding laws that imply otherwise. [5] [6] [7] Similarly, Defendants generally do not have a right to court-appointed counsel. [8]
Punitive damage awards generally require a higher showing than mere negligence, but lower than intention. For instance, grossly negligent, reckless, or outrageous conduct may be grounds for an award of punitive damages. These punitive damages awards can be quite substantial in some cases. [10]
The plaintiff, Dr. Ira Gore, bought a new BMW, and later discovered that the vehicle had been repainted before he bought it. Defendant BMW of North America revealed that their policy was to sell damaged cars as new if the damage could be fixed for less than 3% of the cost of the car. Dr. Gore sued, and an Alabama jury awarded $4,000 in compensatory damages (lost value of the car) and $4 ...
California Civil Code § 3369, enacted in 1872, was California's early unfair competition statute. It "addressed only the availability of civil remedies for business violations in cases of penalty, forfeiture, and criminal violation." [3] A 1933 amendment expanded the law to prohibit "any person [from] performing an act of unfair competition."
With a population of about 40 million people, in California every year there are approximately: 166 thousand violent crimes and one million property crimes committed [1] 1.5 million arrests made [2] 270,000 felony cases, 900,000 misdemeanor cases, and 5 million infraction cases heard [3] by the California superior courts
The California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act is in §502 of the California Penal Code. According to the State Administrative Manual of California, the Act affords protection to individuals, businesses, and governmental agencies from tampering, interference, damage, and unauthorized access to lawfully created computer data and ...
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