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In Czech, the letter ch is a digraph consisting of the sequence of Latin alphabet graphemes C and H, however it is a single phoneme (pronounced as a voiceless velar fricative) and represents a single entity in Czech collation order, inserted between H and I. In capitalized form, Ch is used at the beginning of a sentence (Chechtal se.
In Russian, it represents the long voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕː/, similar to the pronunciation of sh in Welsh-sheep. In Ukrainian and Rusyn , it represents the consonant cluster /ʃt͡ʃ/ , something like ca sh-ch est .
ch (in cheese and chef), j, soft g, sh, c (as sounded in cello and special), cz (as sounded in Czech), s (as sounded in tissue and vision), sc (as sounded in fascist), sch (as sounded in schwa and eschew), t (as sounded in ration and equation), tsch (in putsch), z (in seizure) Upper case G looks like the numeral 6 and lower case g looks like ...
These sounds occur in English, where they are denoted with letter combinations such as sh, ch, g, j or si, as in shin, chin, gin and vision. Retroflex (e.g. [ʂ]): with a flat or concave tongue, and no palatalization. There is a variety of these sounds, some of which also go by other names (e.g. "flat postalveolar" or "apico-alveolar").
As noted above, the digraph CH is a sequence of sounds, T plus SH. This may be hard for an English speaker to hear, but is obvious to a French speaker, which is why we get spellings like Tchaikovsky but also catch in English. (Adding a t to ch doesn't make any difference, because the ch already has a t sound within it.)
The symbol originates with the 15th-century Czech alphabet that was introduced by the reforms of Jan Hus. [1] [2] From there, it was first adopted into the Croatian alphabet by Ljudevit Gaj in 1830 to represent the same sound, [3] and from there on into other orthographies, such as Latvian, [4] Lithuanian, [5] Slovak, [6] Slovene, Karelian, Sami, Veps and Sorbian.
The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" (broadly transcribed as [t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ] in the IPA), German and Italian z [t͡s] and Italian z [d͡z] are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese.
In Breton, the combination cʼh is used for the consonant /x/ (like ch in Scottish English Loch Ness), while ch is used for the consonant /ʃ/ (as in French chat or English she). In Czech , an apostrophe is used for writing to indicate spoken or informal language where the writer wants to express the natural way of informal speech, but it ...