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  2. List of common physics notations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_physics...

    volume charge density: coulomb per cubic meter (C/m 3) resistivity: ohm meter (Ω⋅m) sigma: summation operator area charge density: coulomb per square meter (C/m 2) electrical conductivity: siemens per meter (S/m) normal stress: pascal (Pa) scattering cross section: barn (10^-28 m^2) surface tension: newton per meter (N/m)

  3. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    In atomic physics, one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885. barometer A scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. Pressure tendency can ...

  4. Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_elementary...

    If the intrinsic properties (properties that can be measured but are independent of the quantum state, e.g. charge, total spin, mass) of two particles are the same, they are said to be (intrinsically) identical. Indistinguishable particles

  5. List of electromagnetism equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electromagnetism...

    Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal nĚ‚, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.

  6. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more rarely deposition directly from a gas.

  7. Charge density wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_density_wave

    A charge density wave (CDW) is an ordered quantum fluid of electrons in a linear chain compound or layered crystal. The electrons within a CDW form a standing wave pattern and sometimes collectively carry an electric current.

  8. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  9. Crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

    Crystallography is used by materials scientists to characterize different materials. In single crystals, the effects of the crystalline arrangement of atoms is often easy to see macroscopically because the natural shapes of crystals reflect the atomic structure. In addition, physical properties are often controlled by crystalline defects.