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Shoaling and schooling. These powder blue tangs are shoaling. They are swimming somewhat independently, but in such a way that they stay connected, forming a social group. These bluestripe snapper are schooling. They are all swimming in the same direction in a coordinated way. In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons ...
In oceanography, geomorphology, and geoscience, a shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water close to the surface or above it, which poses a danger to navigation. Shoals are also known as sandbanks, sandbars, or gravelbars.
The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called blooms, although these organisms are algae and are not self-propelled the way animals are.
In the absence of the other effects, wave shoaling is the change of wave height that occurs solely due to changes in mean water depth – without alterations in wave propagation direction or energy dissipation. Pure wave shoaling occurs for long-crested waves propagating perpendicular to the parallel depth contour lines of a mildly sloping sea-bed.
Propagation of shoaling long waves, showing the variation of wavelength and wave height with decreasing water depth.. In fluid dynamics, Green's law, named for 19th-century British mathematician George Green, is a conservation law describing the evolution of non-breaking, surface gravity waves propagating in shallow water of gradually varying depth and width.
Bait ball. A school of bluefin trevally working a school of anchovies which may compact into a spherical bait ball if they are sufficiently threatened. A bait ball, or baitball, occurs when small fish swarm in a tightly packed spherical formation about a common centre. [1] It is a last-ditch defensive measure adopted by small schooling fish ...
Fishing – the activity of trying to catch fish. Fisherman or fisher – someone who captures fish and other animals from a body of water, or gathers shellfish. Fishery – the activities leading to and resulting in the harvesting of fish. It may involve capture of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture.
The common minnow is a small fish which reaches a maximum total length of 14 centimetres (5⁄ in), but is normally around 7 centimetres (3 in) in length. It has 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its dorsal fin with 3 spines and 6–8 soft rays in its anal fin. Its spine is made up of 38–40 vertebrae. It is distinguished from similar species ...