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Etching by Daniel Hopfer, who is believed to have been the first to apply the technique to printmaking. Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal. [1]
The first dated etching was made in 1513 by the Swiss artist Urs Graf, who printed from iron plates. The prolific German graphic artist Albrecht Dürer made only five etchings.
For many German printmakers, such as Albrecht Dürer, etching was a short-lived experiment, but for the artists of the Danube school working in the 1520s, famed for their calligraphic draftsmanship and for being the first to create works of pure landscape, the medium proved most congenial.
Jacques Callot (1592-1635) from Nancy in Lorraine (now part of France) made important technical advances in etching technique. He developed the échoppe, a type of etching-needle with a slanting oval section at the end, which enabled etchers to create a swelling line, as engravers were able to do.
German master Daniel Hopfer invented the etched stroke technique at the beginning of the 16th century. The innovation delighted the artists-engravers: the speed of the plate processing, accurate reproduction of hand movements, clarity and subtlety of the stroke, the 500 sheets print run without loss of image quality made the etching graphics ...
The technique of etching emerged from the method of decorating armour in the fourteenth century. This technique involved painting the design in a resist and then etching the background so the design was left in relief.
The aquatint method was invented in the 18th century, and, although a great number of pure aquatint plates were done, the technique was mainly used with line etching. Theoretically, there is no limit to the range of tones that can be etched with aquatint.
This exhibition traces the first sixty years of the etched print (circa 1490 to circa 1560), from its emergence in the workshop of the German printmaker and armor decorator Daniel Hopfer to the years when a range of artists from Germany, Flanders, Italy, and France began experimenting with etching.
Invented by the German artist Daniel Hopfer (c.1470-1536), etching - along with engraving, mezzotint and aquatint - is one of the intaglio methods of fine art printing. Because of its relative simplicity, etching rapidly rivalled engraving as a printmaking medium.
The art of engraving and etching originated with goldsmiths and armour makers—men who were thoroughly professional craftsmen, practicing an art that had a long, respected tradition. Since the armour makers and goldsmiths were designers themselves, the whole process was controlled by the creative artist.