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Martian regolith is toxic, due to relatively high concentrations of perchlorate compounds containing chlorine. [3] Elemental chlorine was first discovered during localised investigations by Mars rover Sojourner, and has been confirmed by Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity.
Perchlorate concentration was the highest in Chilean nitrate, ranging from 3.3 to 3.98%. [52] Perchlorate in the solid fertilizer ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 mg g −1, variation of less than a factor of 3 and it is estimated that sodium nitrate fertilizers derived from Chilean caliche contain approximately 0.5–2 mg g −1 of perchlorate anion. [75]
Sodium perchlorate and other perchlorates has been found on the planet Mars, first detected by the NASA probe Phoenix in 2009. This was later confirmed by spectral analysis by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2015 of what is thought to be brine seeps which may be the first evidence of flowing liquid water containing hydrated salts on Mars. [1 ...
The study's authors found that perchlorate can destroy organics when heated and produce chloromethane and dichloromethane as byproduct, the identical chlorine compounds discovered by both Viking landers when they performed the same tests on Mars. Because perchlorate would have broken down any Martian organics, the question of whether Viking ...
Perchlorate is a salt now considered to be widespread on Mars [25] and is known to lower the freezing point of water. The studies in support of the subglacial lake hypothesis proposed that magnesium and calcium perchlorate at the base of the SPLD would lower the freezing point of water to temperatures as low as 204 and 198 K, thereby allowing ...
The tilt or obliquity of Mars changes far more than the Earth; hence times of higher humidity are probable. [74] The data also confirms the presence of the chemical perchlorate. Perchlorate makes up a few tenths of a percent of the soil samples. Perchlorate is used as food by some bacteria on Earth. [75]
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The Martian regolith is known to contain a maximum of 0.5% (w/v) perchlorate (ClO 4 −) that is toxic for most living organisms, [78] but since they drastically lower the freezing point of water and a few extremophiles can use it as an energy source (see Perchlorates - Biology) and grow at concentrations of up to 30% (w/v) sodium perchlorate ...