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In telecommunications, frame synchronization or framing is the process by which, while receiving a stream of fixed-length frames, the receiver identifies the frame boundaries, permitting the data bits within the frame to be extracted for decoding or retransmission.
A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet." [2] Each frame is separated from the next by an interframe gap. A frame is a series of bits generally composed of frame synchronization bits, the packet payload, and a frame check sequence.
[citation needed] The syncword is a known sequence of data used to identify the start of a frame, and is also called reference signal or midamble in wireless communications. Prefix codes allow unambiguous identification of synchronization sequences and may serve as self-synchronizing code.
In video, frame synchronization is the process of synchronizing display pixel scanning to a synchronization source. When several systems are connected, a synchronization signal is fed from the synchronization source to the other systems in the network, and the video signals are synchronized with each other.
Presentation time stamps (PTS) are embedded in MPEG transport streams to precisely signal when each audio and video segment is to be presented and avoid AV-sync errors. . However, these timestamps are often added after the video undergoes frame synchronization, format conversion and preprocessing, and thus the lip sync errors created by these operations will not be corrected by the addition ...
In artificial intelligence, with implications for cognitive science, the frame problem describes an issue with using first-order logic to express facts about a robot in the world. Representing the state of a robot with traditional first-order logic requires the use of many axioms that simply imply that things in the environment do not change ...
A semantic network, or frame network is a knowledge base that represents semantic relations between concepts in a network. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation . It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices , which represent concepts , and edges , which represent semantic relations between concepts , [ 1 ...
Frames in thought consist of the mental representations, interpretations, and simplifications of reality. Frames in communication consist of the communication of frames between different actors. [1] Framing is a key component of sociology, the study of social interaction among humans. Framing is an integral part of conveying and processing data ...