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Under Roman law, there were several forms of tutela ("guardianship" or "tutelage"), mainly for people such as minors and women who ordinarily in Roman society would be under the legal protection and control of a paterfamilias, but who for whatever reasons were sui iuris, legally emancipated. The guardian who oversaw their interests was a tutor.
The privilege concerned both sexes, but impacted women more than men. The specifics of the jus trium liberorum is defined as follows in Adolf Berger's Encyclopedia of Roman Law: Fathers might claim exemption (excusatio) from public charges and from guardianship to which they were called by law (tutela legitima).
Roman women could own, inherit, and control property as citizens, and therefore could exercise prerogatives of the paterfamilias pertaining to ownership and inheritance. [2] They played an increasingly significant role in succession and the inheritance of property from the 2nd century BC through the 2nd century AD, [ 3 ] but as an instrument ...
A tutelary (/ ˈ tj uː t ə l ɛ r i /; also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of "tutelary" expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.
Lares (/ ˈ l ɛər iː z, ˈ l eɪ r iː z / LAIR-eez, LAY-reez, [1] Latin:; archaic lasēs, singular lar) were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been hero-ancestors, guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries, or fruitfulness, or an amalgam of these.
Lares Familiares are guardian household deities and tutelary deities in ancient Roman religion. The singular form is Lar Familiaris. Lares were thought to influence all that occurred within their sphere of influence or location. In well-regulated, traditional Roman households, the household Lar or Lares were given daily cult and food-offerings ...
The Piliers de Tutelle in a 1640 panorama of Bordeaux. Drawing by Herman van der Hem.. The Piliers de Tutelle (meaning Pillars of Guardianship in French) was an important Gallo-Roman monument erected in the third century on the approximate location of the southwest corner of the Grand Théâtre of Bordeaux, a city in southwestern France.
The marital power derives from Germanic sources of the Roman-Dutch law, from which many features derive from (provincial) Roman law. In the earlier Roman law, a wife moved from the manus (guardianship) of her father to that of the father of her husband, an older brother of her husband or her husband; the "pater familias" or master of all persons and owner of all property in a familia.