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The Fenians were a transatlantic association consisting of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, founded in Dublin by James Stephens in 1858, and the Fenian Brotherhood, founded in the United States by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny, also in 1858. Their aim was the establishment of an independent Irish Republic by force of arms.
The word Fenian (/ ˈ f iː n i ə n /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood.They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic.
The Fenian raids were a series of incursions carried out by the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization based in the United States, on military fortifications, customs posts and other targets in Canada (then part of British North America) in 1866, and again from 1870 to 1871.
Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848: Young Ireland: 1866–71 British North America. Dominion of Canada. Eastern Canada; Manitoba; Fenian Raids: Fenian Brotherhood: 1867 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, England, and Canada: Fenian Rising: Fenian Brotherhood 1881–85 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Fenian dynamite campaign ...
With overwhelming numbers of Canadian forces closing in, O'Neill oversaw a successful evacuation on the night of 2–3 June back to US territory. He was later charged with violating the neutrality laws of the US, but it was dropped. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography states that Ridgeway made O'Neill a Fenian hero.
The Fenian Rising proved to be a "doomed rebellion", poorly organised and with minimal public support. Most of the Irish-American officers who landed at Cork, in the expectation of commanding an army against England, were imprisoned; sporadic disturbances around the country were easily suppressed by the police, army and local militias.
11 February – abortive Fenian attempt to seize Chester Castle. [1] 5 March – Fenian Rising in County Dublin, County Cork, County Limerick, County Tipperary and County Clare. [1] 12 July – despite the Party Processions Acts, the Orange Order parades from Bangor to Newtownards in County Down.
The Clerkenwell explosion, also known as the Clerkenwell Outrage, was a bombing attack carried out by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) in London on 13 December 1867. . Members of the IRB, who were nicknamed "Fenians", exploded a bomb to try to free a member of their group who was being held on remand at Clerkenwell Pris